Everything about The County Of Artois totally explained
The
County of Artois () was a
Carolingian county (comitatus), established in
Western Francia. In
Roman times,
Artois was situated in the Roman provinces of
Belgica and
Germania Inferior and inhabited by
Celtic tribes, until
Germanic peoples replaced them and made an end to
roman imperial rule.
It lies in present Northern
France, on the border with Belgium. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are
Arras (Atrecht),
Calais (Kales),
Boulogne-sur-Mer (Bonen),
Saint-Omer (Sint-Omaars),
Lens and
Béthune. Present Artois forms the interior of the
French département Pas-de-Calais.
History
It was established by the counts Odalric and Ecfrid of Artois, then integrated into the
County of Flanders, first by
Baldwin II of Flanders around
898, then by
Arnulf I of Flanders. A new territorial principality was established by the division of the county of Flanders as a dowry given by
Philip I of Flanders to his niece
Isabelle of Hainaut at the time of her marriage to
Philip II of France.
The Treaty of Guînes in
1212 gave
Aire-sur-la-Lys,
Saint-Omer and
Guînes to Philip II. The rest of the county was acquired by the French Crown after the
Flemish defeat at the
Battle of Bouvines in
1214 and the
Treaty of Melun in
1226.
Artois then became an
appanage of
Robert I of Artois, the son of
Louis VIII of France.
After the death of count
Robert II at the
Battle of the Golden Spurs in
1302, a succession dispute arose between Robert's daughter,
Countess Mahaut, and her nephew
Robert III, who represented the claim of his father
Philip, who had died at the
Battle of Furnes in
1298. The dispute was settled in favour of Mahaut.
Upon the death of Mahaut in 1329, Artois passed to her daughter by
Otto IV, Count of Burgundy,
Jeanne of Burgundy. The widow of
Philip V of France, Jeanne left Artois to their eldest daughter,
Joan (the wife of
Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy) when she died in 1330.
On the death of Joan and Eudes' grandson
Philip I in
1361, Artois reverted to the second daughter of Jeanne,
Margaret, and after her death, to her son,
Louis II of Flanders. Louis' daughter
Margaret III married
Philip the Bold in
1369.
On the death of Louis II in
1384, Artois became part of the vast, complex territory of
Burgundy. Seized by
Louis XI of France and established as a
seneschalate, then officially ceded to the king by the
Treaty of Arras in
1482, it passed to the
Habsburgs in the
1493 Treaty of Senlis. It reverted to French rule in the
Treaty of the Pyrenees in
1659 and became a titular county in the
peerage of France; the most notable of these
pairs was the future
Charles X of France.
Further Information
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